Incorporate Expectancy Theory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consolidate Expectancy Theory - Article Example Other than the cleanliness and food, the mariners need to rest on single beds and do as such for not over 5 hours so. This is with the goal that they can guarantee they proceed to race and calm each other of the obligation to sail and control the pontoon consistently because of the brutal states of the water they are cruising in. So as to keep them from surrendering, they need to assemble associations with one another and live like wedded couples. This is significant for help and enduring the outrageous conditions in all the 10 days. The other route is to envision the end prize just as assemble the most pessimistic scenario situations on their heads with the goal that actually substantially more fair and the mariners would be intellectually arranged to deal with it. Being sufficiently trained to adhere to a daily schedule and getting sufficient opportunity to rest and rest are likewise significant for progress not overlooking being phenomenally narrow minded and basically considering the opposition and winning alone (Webster, 2011). Hope hypothesis is tied in with investing on energy and acting with a specific goal in mind since one is anticipating a compensation toward the end. The individual exertion that is put on a movement is changed into acceptable or even incredible execution which will prompt a prize and consequently having achieved an individual objective. This is a similar hypothesis that drives the presentation of the extraordinary games mariners examined in detail above (McShane, et al 2013). The mariners expect that by investing in a ton of energy towards their training just as stick to the counsel gave by their analysts and different coaches, they will have the option to suffer while cruising and subsequently increment their exhibition level. The expanded exertion they put towards their cruising will lead them to finish the race inside the predetermined course of events and will most presumably have the option to have satisfied their particular objective (Kremer and Moran, 2013).

Group Dynamics Essay -- essays research papers

The attributes of powerful Groups Much can be found out about the specialty of building a powerful gathering. We currently comprehend huge numbers of the rules that make the correct condition where gatherings can bloom and prosper. However we stay incapable to "guarantee" that any given gathering will arrive at its objectives or be anything over humbly effective. In any case, even a gathering made out of "the absolute best people" has some likelihood of disappointment.( ) Gatherings can take on a great deal more hazard than people and can endeavor a degree of significance that is past the reasonable any expectation of any person. To release the full intensity of gatherings, individuals need to sift through for themselves where and how they can best utilize their gathering and what, for them, bunch work implies. The following are attributes of powerful Groups. Clear Purpose The gathering individuals must concede to a reasonable reason or objective and each colleague is happy to work to accomplish these objectives. The group knows about and intrigued by its own procedures and looks at standards working inside the group. The group distinguishes its own assets and utilizations them, contingent upon its needs. The group eagerly acknowledges the impact and administration of the individuals whose assets are pertinent to the prompt undertaking. Tuning in The colleagues ceaselessly tune in to and explain what is being said and show enthusiasm for others’ contemplations and sentiments. Contrasts of supposition are supported and uninhibitedly communicated. The group doesn't request thin similarity or ...

Why Am I Depressed Only at Night

Why Am I Depressed Only at Night Depression Symptoms Print Why Am I Depressed Only at Night? The Link Between Depression and Nighttime Rumination By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 29, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Peter Dazeley /Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Causes Coping Therapy View All As one of the most common mood disorders, major depression can develop in anyone, at any age, at any time. However, for some people, symptoms of depression may be worse at night, leading to difficulty in getting to sleep, anxiety, and feelings of isolation and hopelessness. Some people may have depression in the morning, which is called diurnal mood variation. 1:48 7 Facts You Should Know About Nighttime Depression Symptoms Major depression causes severe symptoms that interfere with your mood and activities of daily living. If youve experienced a number of these symptoms for the majority of the day, almost every day, for the past two weeks or more, and they arent getting better, you should see your doctor. Symptoms of depression include: Sleep issues, such as sleeping more than normal or difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep??Eating more or less than you normally doWeight loss or gain??Losing interest and/or pleasure in activities you once enjoyedLack of energyDifficulty engaging in normal tasks of daily living such as brushing your teeth or bathingHeadaches, stomachaches, or other pain that doesnt respond to treatment and has no obvious causeIrritabilityFeeling sad and/or anxiousFeeling hopelessCryingRestlessnessFeeling isolated or lonelyFeeling worthless, guilty, or helplessDifficulty concentratingSuicidal thoughts or attempts, or thinking about death?? In the United States, an estimated 17.3 million adults age 18 years and older were affected by at least one episode of major depression in the last available years statistics, as were around 3.1 million adolescents age 12 to 17 years. Causes There are several factors that may lead to worsening feelings of depression at night. Verywell / JR Bee Rumination People, particularly people with depression, often go through a process called rumination  in which they repeatedly mull over past events and issues that concern them, trying to make sense of them or imagine them having a different outcome. Since depression causes the tendency to focus on negative events (for example, mentally reliving a fight with a  friend), rumination can fuel your feelings of depression and anxiety, and its usually a major cause of nighttime depression symptoms.?? Not too surprisingly, you tend to be more prone to rumination when youre alone and free from distractions, which tends to be at night for many of us. Fatigue at the end of the day can also make us more prone to feeling down. Though rumination is normal, it can be extremely unhealthy, particularly if its causing or worsening your depression or anxiety. How to Process Feelings Without Ruminating Nighttime Light Exposure There have been numerous studies on the link between exposure to light at night and depression. One study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed a correlation between low-level bedroom light exposure during sleep and developing depression symptoms in elderly adults, though light exposure was more than likely not the only cause.?? The risk could be even higher for younger people since their eyes are more sensitive. Its still unclear how exactly light and depression are related, but its possible that being exposed to even a tiny amount of light during the night interferes with your sleep cycles, which in turn interferes with your mood. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Multiple studies have shown that when your circadian rhythm, or internal sleep clock, is disrupted, your risk of developing depression or worsening symptoms is higher.?? Circadian rhythm disruption can occur as the result of a whole host of factors from jet lag to working the night shift to increased light exposure at night. No matter your natural circadian rhythm, disrupting it can have negative effects. In general, its best to be awake and active during the day and work to make sure you get the best quality of sleep you can at night. Your Chronotype Do you consider yourself an early bird, a night owl, or somewhere in between? How long and when you sleep at night is called a chronotype. One study on the link between chronotype and depression looked at 32,470 females who were, on average, 55 years old and did not experience depression. They each categorized their chronotype: early, intermediate, or late. Of these women, 2,581 ended up with diagnosed depression across a follow-up period of four years. The women who identified as early birds had a 12% lower risk of developing depression than the intermediate women, while the night owls had a 6% higher risk.?? The results clearly showed that the more strongly a woman identified as being a night owl, the higher her likelihood of developing depression. While this study doesnt show that being a night owl causes depression, the fact that there are multiple studies that indicate a link between chronotypes and depression means that more research on this connection is warranted, especially regarding the genetic and environmental connection.?? Coping In order to break the cycle of nightly negative thoughts and curb nighttime depression symptoms, try the following: Engage in activities that create positive thoughts.  Some examples are participating in a hobby that you enjoy, such as writing, playing an instrument, drawing, or painting, and meditation or prayer. What youre trying to do with these activities is fill your mind with positive things so that theres no room for the negative thoughts to creep in and occupy space.Problem-solve the negative events.  People who ruminate tend to not only replay events but also engage in thoughts such as, Why does this always happen to me? and Whats wrong with me that I cant cope? These types of thoughts lead to feelings of helplessness. Instead, take a moment when youre thinking clearly and identify at least one step you can take to overcome your problems. It can even be something as simple as calling a friend to try and brainstorm a solution. This mental interruption and proactive action help you regain power over the situation and feel less helpless.Build up your self-esteem.  What are you good at? What do you enjoy? Think of some ways to build up your sense of self-worth, such as taking a martial arts class, starting a new hobby, picking up that musical instrument you used to play, or taking a night or online class in a subject that fascinates you. Feeling good about yourself and what youre accomplishing helps keep rumination at bay.Dont go to bed until youre really tired.?? This gives you less time to start thinking about all the problems and negative events in your life. If you arent sleepy, try reading a book or magazine until you are.Keep your room dark. It doesnt hurt to make your bedroom as dark as possible to help prevent any disruption to your sleep during the night.?? Try room darkening shades or blinds and dont leave the TV on at night.Minimize your exposure to screens before bed. Turn off screens and electronics a minimum of two hours before bed to help maximize your sleep time. Exposure to the blue light emitted from screens right before bed can interrupt your sleep an d lead to a poorer quality of sleep as well.?? Therapy If self-help strategies like these fail to help you with your rumination, a type of psychotherapy called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is also an option to help you deal with this problem.?? Rumination-focused CBT is a type of therapy thats specifically geared toward helping patients with rumination, though studies are still being done on its effectiveness. The Best Online Therapy Programs

Child Abuse And Sexual Abuse - 2090 Words

There are many forms of child abuse. Not only can children be physically abused, but they are also in danger of experiencing sexual abuse. In the more recent years, child sexual abuse has come to the attention of a larger part of society. As such, it is becoming more openly discussed. Child sexual abuse is a growing problem, and the stories that have begun to circulate around the world work to illustrate just how serious the problem is. Despite what society is lead to believe, the sexual abuse of a child is the least common out of all forms of child abuse. Out of the different types of child abuse, neglect is the most common, followed by physical abuse, and then sexual abuse comes at the bottom. Still, of all the cases of child abuse reported to and substantiated by authorities, approximately 15% of them concerned sexual abuse. ). It is possible that there are more cases of child sexual abuse, however, and they simply are not being reported. Due to the number of undisclosed cases of child abuse, researchers have conducted various prevalence studies over the years to determine the true number of sexual abuse of children. These studies have determined that around 20% of women and 5-10% of men in America in were sexually abused as children. A great deal of controversy surrounds the number of male victims of child sexual abuse, due to a lack of quality studies. The problem with prevalence studies is that they don t all share the same definition of abuse, nor do they shareShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse And Child Abuse1308 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse is a problem that many people are still unaware of. Currently, one in twenty boys and one in five girls are sexually abused (Child Sexual Abuse Fact Sheet). In the past, children’s accusations of sexual abuse have not been believed (Berk 352). Many children told adults, yet still had to carry the burden, as adults, of their rapist never being caught. However, now, people are recognizing the truth and are trying to come up with a solution (Berk 352). Despite the increased effortRead MoreSexual Abuse And Child Abuse1983 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficultRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pages Child sexual abuse is a social crisis of significant magnitude. This type of abuse has been found to be correlated with the advancement of an extensive range of mental health and social problems in children and adults. Child sexual abuse is the term used when an adult uses a child or adolescent for his own sexual gratification or pleasure. Furthermore, a frequent expression of childhood sexual abuse is control over the abused child. This type of abuse knows no particular demographic and occursRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse CONTENT PAGE 1. Introduction Page 1 2. Case Study Page 1 3. How this Affects learners Page 2 4. Policies and Procedures Page 2 5. Raising Awareness Page 3 6. Conclusion Page 3 7. References Page 4 Appendix 1. INTRODUCTION Research indicates that 1 out of every 4 children will be the victim of sexual abuse before reachingRead MoreChild Sexual And Sexual Abuse1659 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse Why does child sexual abuse happen and what are the effects of it? â€Å"Child sexual abuse is sexual contact with a child that occurs as a result of force or in a relationship where it is exploited because of an age difference or caretaking responsibility† (Finkelhor). Roughly 1.8 million children have been sexually victimized in the United States (NSOPW). Although there is no proof that racial or socioeconomic groups is a factor in a predators choosing, studies show that childrenRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse And Children1301 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse effects tens of thousands of children, and young teens every year. With the rate of this issues, parents and other adults are not prepared nor willing to deal with problems of their children or family members been sexual abused. Child sexual abuse can take many forms, but it’s always a violation of a young person’s rights, and it increases the risk of many adverse physical and mental health conditions . Furthermore, child sexual abuse is defined as direct genital contact and indirectRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Sexual Abuse901 Words   |  4 Pages After reading the article by Rind, Tromovich, and Baserman, and the other associated commentaries I have drawn a few conclusions. First I do not believe in the Rind et al. s final theory that child sexual abuse does not cause intense and extensive harm in the long term. However, I do not fully renounce all of his theories. I have concluded that their final theory needed more precise research and there were holes in their research and theory. I also believe that they did not consider the impactRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On A Child1316 Words   |  6 Pagesabused before they turn eighteen years old (Wurtele, 2014). Abuse to a child whether in the form of physical, emotional, sexual, or neglect is never acceptable. Children are our future, and we should treat our future with respect and guidance in order to ensure a happy and safe environment for all. Unfortunately, many children are abused around the world whether it is physically, emotionally, sexually, or through neglect. Sexual abuse to a child, to many, is unthinkable. Who could do such a thing? ThroughRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse And The Community892 Words   |  4 Pagesother words, it is working with the community. Child Sexual Abuse impacts the community in several ways, such as through fear, confusion, as well as economically. Though the abuse might only physically affect one person, it could still greatly impact everyone else. The first way that Child Sexual Abuse affects the community is through fear. Sometimes families in communities have an ideal idea about their identity and if something, such as Child Sexual Abuse happens in a family in that community, it couldRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sexual Abuse Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Child sexual abuse is one of the most serious public health problems and crimes in the world, resulting from the interaction of individual, family, social, and cultural factors (Pereda, Guilera, Forns, Gà ³mez-Benito, 2009). In China, there is increasing coverage about some particular cases and increasing number of reports to All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) from only a hundred in second half of 1997 to over 3000 in 2000 (Long, 2007), but it could be believed that the number of cases

Dea Fbi Conduct Raid On A Grant County Meth Ring - 2916 Words

Current Events Paper: DEA, FBI conduct raid on a Grant County meth ring Mary Gandara Western New Mexico University The event I choose for the current events assignment is the recent DEA, FBI conduct raid on a Grant County meth ring. The event took place Thursday morning on April 30, 2015 in the grant county area. The event occurred after a 13 month investigation began in March of 2014 of an alleged meth ring in areas of Grant County including Silver City and Santa Clara. The investigation led law enforcement agencies to arrest 12 individuals on methamphetamine trafficking charges. Law enforcement agencies that participated in the investigation and events included Homeland Security officers, DEA agents and the FBI. It was stated in the press release that no local law enforcement had any part in the investigation or event that took place Thursday morning. All 12 defendants were arrested during the early morning of April 30. The arrested individuals included both male and females between the ages of 24 and 53 years of age. The law enforcement agencies involved set up a command post in Santa Clara ea rly Thursday morning to issue arrest warrants in the grant county area, according to Santa Clara Police Chief Lonnie Sandoval. The investigation was created in part with the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force program. The program is a nationwide Department of Justice program that consists of resources and exclusive knowledge of federal agencies as well as

Research paper on dollar vs rupee Free Essays

This paper is conceptual study based on Indian Rupee Fluctuation VS. Dollar ND relationship in terms of Rupee appreciation that is dollar depreciation and rupee depreciation that is dollar appreciation. It provides valuable insights into impact of changes in currency relations on various sectors of economy keeping in focus economy in general and Indian economy in particular. We will write a custom essay sample on Research paper on dollar vs rupee or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pros and Cons of currency appreciation and depreciation are studied as boon and bane for the economic growth. Keywords: Appreciation, Rupee Fluctuation, Depreciation, Rupee-Dollar. Induction The rupee has depreciated by more than 18 percent since May 2011, moreover with The rupee breaching the 53 dollar mark, profit margins of nannies that import commodities or components would come under severe pressure, which could result in price increases for the consumer. The rupee depreciation will particularly hit the industrial sector and put higher pressure on their costs as items like oil, imported coal, metals and minerals, imported industrial intermediate products all are getting affected. Although the prices of most of the imported commodities have fallen, the depreciating rupee has meant that the importer gets no respite as they need to pay more to purchase the same quantity of raw materials. The depreciating rupee loud keep the price of imported commodities elevated. Thus the industrial sector is bound to get adversely hit the appreciating rupee is posing a unique set of challenges for the Indian economy. The impact would not be limited to macro economy alone but it will also affect down to the level of firms under various sections of economy. This is conceptual study based on Rupee Dollar relationship in terms of Rupee appreciation that is dollar depreciation and rupee depreciation that is dollar appreciation. OBJECTIVES This is conceptual study based on Rupee Dollar relationship in terms of Rupee appreciation that is dollar depreciation and rupee depreciation that is dollar appreciation. It provides valuable insights into impact of changes in currency relations on various sectors of economy keeping in focus economy in general and Indian economy in particular. Pros and Cons of currency appreciation and depreciation are studied as boon and bane for the economic growth. It also provides suggestions or steps needed to control as well as to overcome leftists of excessive fluctuations between rupee and dollar keeping in view current trends. Related Literature Ever since the advent of the ARCH model by Engle (1982), research on the remission mechanism of volatility between various segments of the financial market has been fast advancing. The application of ARCH and its generalized form, I. E. GARTH has advanced rapidly in examining volatility transmission among stock markets. Studies on volatility transmission based on low-frequency foreign exchange data are, however, relatively sparse. The initial application of GARTH model to the foreign exchange market could be traced back to the works of Dibbled and Nerves (1989). They employed a vector autoregressive (VARY) model as a basis for the variance decomposition f forecast error variances in order to measure the magnitude of return and volatility spillovers in the foreign exchange market. How to cite Research paper on dollar vs rupee, Essays

Marijuana A New Medicine Essays - Herbalism, Medicinal Plants

Marijuana: A New Medicine? Marijuana: A new medicine? In society today, there are many serious diseases that plague nations all across the world. Diseases like Glaucoma, Epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, and migraine headaches. What do all of these serious illnesses have in common? Every one of theses sicknesses can be cured or helped by the use of Marijuana. Throughout this paper I will discuss the positive aspects of Marijuana and the negative aspects. This issue has been raising a lot of eyebrows ever since scientific evidence has been provided that links Marijuana to the cure and decrease of certain illnesses. The main reason that Marijuana has been looked down upon by so many people for so long is because many individuals abuse the drug. An obvious setback to legalizing marijuana for medicinal uses is that the number of people that abuse the drug will undoubtedly increase. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, and there is an estimated 67 million people affected by this disease in the world today (National Academy of Sciences.) Effective treatment for glaucoma involves pharmaceutical agents or surgical procedures that prevent progressive optic nerve damage. For surgery to be an effective way of therapy, a drug or surgical procedure that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) must do so without causing more damage to the eye. Marijuana can reduce IOP when administrated orally, or by inhalation (Marijuana and Medicine.). Marijuana is a natural way to slow down the progression of glaucoma. Marijuana should be legalized in all states just for the main purpose of helping those who are infected with the serious disease of Glaucoma. Sixty percent of people who are affected by epilepsy can benefit from Marijuana. To this day it is still considered to be the best medication for many types of epilepsy and for most victims that have epileptic seizures. The use of Marijuana for epilepsy is not fully understood yet. Scientist don't know all of the facts about the use of Marijuana for a disease such as epilepsy. They have concluded that Marijuana enables Neurons, which are the brain cells that process information, to communicate with each other by the release of Neurons into the gaps of the brain. Most doctors will only prescribe the drug to epileptic patient s if that certain patient has serious cases of epilepsy. Parkinsons disease, a degenerative disease, affects about 1 million Americans over 50 (Marijuana and Medicine). Theoretically, marijuana could be useful for treating Parkinsons patients, because marijuana specifically inhibits the pathways between the nucleus (marijuana and medicine). There is one published clinical trial that I found in my research of the affects of marijuana for Parkinsons. That trial was prompted by a patients report that smoking marijuana reduced tremors, but the investigators found no improvement in tremors after five-patients smoked marijuana. Although new data might someday indicate a helpfulness for Marijuana to a Parkinsons patient. There is a clear need for improved migraine medications. Imitrex is the best available medication for migraine headaches, but it fails to abolish migraine symptoms in about 30 percent of migraine patients (Marijuana Aids in Migraines.) Marijuana has been proposed numerous times as a treatment for migraine headaches because it relieves the pain, but there is almost no clinical data on the use of marijuana on migraines. Among efforts to study marijuana was a preliminary study conducted in New York on 56 cancer patients who were unresponsive to anathematic agents (Marijuana and Medicine.) The patients were asked to rate the effectiveness of marijuana compared with the results during prior chemotherapy cycles. In this survey, 34 percent of patients rated marijuana as moderately or highly effective to reduce the pain that cancer patients may have (Marijuana and Medicine). Like smoking cigarettes, marijuana kills brain cells and damages your lungs. Lung cancer is a serious disease and people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis have a higher chance of getting lung cancer. Medical marijuana doctors say that it is alright for patients, because patients do not use it regularly. Marijuana was first used as a herbal medicine for the Chinese Emperor Shen in 2737 B.C. Marijuana has been used for a long time and it has proven to be one of

Lubrication and Refrigeration in aeroplanes (Spanish) essays

Lubrication and Refrigeration in aeroplanes (Spanish) essays Lubricacin y refrigeracin Es la operacin de engrase continuo entre las piezas en contacto y con movimientos relativos, que evita el calentamiento y disminuye el desgaste de las piezas. El engrase depende de la cantidad de aceite suministrado, de la fijacin y mantenimiento de la pelà ­cula de aceite entre las superficies en frotamiento, de la evacuacin del aceite y de la evacuacin del calor. Cuando el gasto o caudal de aceite que circula entre las piezas del motor es pequen de la temperatura puede ser tan grande que llegue a hacerse peligroso por ser insuficiente para la evacuacin del calor. Para evitar que la temperatura del aceite alcance valores por encima de los là ­mites permisibles normalmente 120C, lo que significarà ­a una prdida de las cualidades de lubricacin, se dispone de refrigeracin del aceite, por medio de la instalacin de radiadores con un medio refrigerante que en el caso del avin es normalmente el aire que pasa a travs de dicho radiador. En los motores de aviacin la cantidad de calor evacuado por el aceite varà ­a entre 0.3 y 1 calorà ­a por minuto siendo normalmente la diferencia de temperatura de salida y entrada de aceite en el motor entre 10C y 30C. La T ª de entrada en el motor es aprx. 70C y la de salida es de 100C. El sistema de aceite para lubricacin de un motor puede considerarse dividido en dos partes fundamentales: la parte interior al motor llamada zona de lubricacin principal y segundo la parte exterior o circuito auxiliar para almacenamiento central de temperatura y recuperacin de aceite. En los motores de aviacin la presin de aceite a la entrada del motor est regulada normalmente a cinco kg/cm2, y el caudal de aceite proporcionado es aprx. de 0.02 a 0.1 l...

Peri Prefix Meaning in Biology

Peri Prefix Meaning in Biology The prefix (peri-) means around, near, surrounding, covering, or enclosing. It is derived from the Greek peri for about, near, or around. Words That Begin With Peri Perianth (peri-anth): The outer part of a flower that encloses its reproductive parts is called the perianth. The perianth of a flower includes the sepals and petals in angiosperms. Pericardium (peri-cardium): The pericardium is the membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. This three-layered membrane serves to keep the heart in place in the chest cavity and prevents over-expansion of the heart. Pericardial fluid, which is located between the middle pericardial layer (parietal pericardium) and the innermost pericardial layer (visceral pericardium), helps to reduce friction between pericardial layers. Perichondrium (peri-chondrium): The layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage, excluding cartilage at the end of joints, is called perichondrium. This tissue covers cartilage in structures of the respiratory system (trachea, larynx, nose, and epiglottis), as well as cartilage of the ribs, outer ear, and auditory tubes. Pericranium (peri-cranium): The pericranium is a membrane that covers the outer surface of the skull. Also called the periosteum, it is the innermost layer of the scalp that covers bone surfaces except at the joints. Pericycle (peri-cycle): Pericycle is plant tissue that surrounds vascular tissue in roots. It initiates the development of lateral roots and is also involved in secondary root growth. Periderm (peri-derm): The outer protective plant tissue layer that surrounds roots and stems is the periderm or bark. The periderm replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth. Layers composing the periderm include cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm. Peridium (peri-dium): The outer layer that covers the spore-bearing structure in many fungi is called the peridium. Depending on the fungal species, the peridium may be thin or thick with between one and two layers. Perigee (peri-gee): The perigee is the point in the orbit of a body (moon or satellite) around the Earth where it is nearest to the center of the Earth. The orbiting body travels faster at perigee than at any other point in its orbit. Perikaryon (peri-karyon): Also known as cytoplasm, the perikaryon is all of the contents of a cell surrounding but excluding the nucleus. This term also refers to the cell body of a neuron, excluding the axons and dendrites. Perihelion (peri-helion): The point in the orbit of a body (planet or comet) around the sun where it comes closest to the sun is called the perihelion. Perilymph (peri-lymph): Perilymph is the fluid between the membranous labyrinth and bony labyrinth of the inner ear. Perimysium (peri-mysium): The layer of connective tissue that wraps skeletal muscle fibers into bundles is called perimysium. Perinatal (peri-natal): Perinatal refers to the time period occurring around the time of birth. This period spans from about five months before birth to one month after birth. Perineum (peri-neum): The perineum is the area of the body located between the anus and genital organs. This region spans from the pubic arch to the tail bone. Periodontal (peri-odontal): This term literally means around the tooth and is used to denote tissues that surround and support teeth. Periodontal disease, for example, is a disease of the gums that can range from minor gum inflammation to serious tissue damage and tooth loss. Periosteum (peri-osteum): The periosteum is a dual-layered membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. The outer layer of the periosteum is dense connective tissue formed from collagen. The inner layer contains bone-producing cells called osteoblasts. Peristalsis (peri-stalsis): Peristalsis is the coordinated contraction of smooth muscle around substances within a tube that moves the contents along the tube. Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract and in tubular structures such as the ureters. Peristome (peri-stome): In zoology, the peristome is a membrane or structure that surrounds the mouth in some invertebrates. In botany, peristome refers to small appendages (resembling teeth) that surround the opening of a capsule in mosses. Peritoneum (peri-toneum): The dual-layered membrane lining of the abdomen that encases abdominal organs is known as the peritoneum. The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal organs. Peritubular (peri-tubular): This term describes a position that is adjacent to or surrounds a tubule. For example, the peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are positioned around nephrons in the kidneys.

Edward Burtynsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Edward Burtynsky - Essay Example His education shaped the skills that he already possessed as an artist, and helped him develop the techniques of photography that have captivated thousands through his snapshots. Burtynsky’s photography brings the discreet and hidden realities of human development to the public’s eye, and demands an appreciation and evaluation of man’s actions and their effects on nature (Burtynsky, 2009). He has a knack of capturing the most rudimentary and banal sites through his lens, and instilling art and finesse into those pictures (Burtynsky, 2009). His early work consists of the industrial landscape of General Motors plant in his city, which, according to him, evoked the passion for observing nature and capturing industrial development in his photos (Burtynsky, 2009). His exposure of the mining sites, recycling plants, industrial waste depots, and other such crass sites were hugely popular in Canada and elsewhere, so that very soon he became one of Canada’s most famous and respected photographers (Burtynsky, 2009). The highlight of his career and a major turning point was when he won the TED award in 2005 (TED, 2009). This led to the makin g of a documentary, called Manufactured Landscape, on the collection of his works of same title, and his life, in 2007 (TED, 2009). At the award ceremony, Burtynsky made three wishes related to the progress in his work, all of which, due to his immense influence and respect in the artworld, have been fulfilled (TED, 2009). He wished for a website to encourage children to think for their planet; the Meet The Greens website was developed (TED, 2009). He wished he would be able to film on Imax; that is currently in progress (TED, 2009).

EMG muscle activity in various rehabilitation exercises Research Proposal

EMG muscle activity in various rehabilitation exercises - Research Proposal Example In their analysis, the pressure an individual suffers on the joint of his or her knees is four times the body weight of an individual (Rubin, 2000; Sing, 2012). This is an indication that an everyday pressure on the knees can result to pain (Vogt, 2011). However, there are a number of muscle activities or exercises that can help in the reduction of this knee joint pain. This research aims at identifying these exercises and coming up with information that explains their effectiveness in the reduction of pain within the knees of an individual. This research will use the quantitative methods of data collection. The specific method to be used is the electromyography (Creswell, 2003). Electromyography is a diagnostic procedure that medical experts use for purposes of assessing the health of individual muscles, and the nerve cells which have the capability of controlling the motor neurons. The EMG relies on the motor neurons for purposes of transmitting signals that have the capability of causing muscles to contract (Pons, 2013). The EMG will thereafter transmit these signals into sounds, graphs and numerical values which a specialist will interpret. It is these results that the researcher will use in analyzing and coming up with a conclusion on the best exercise that can be used for purposes of controlling and treating knee joint pains (Subic, 2000). This research will help in understanding this concept of knee joint pains. It will identify different exercises that can be used for purposes of reducing knee pains. In this regard, this research is important because its recommendations can be used for purposes of treating pains on the joints of a

Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation Essay -- ending slave

On January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was delivered by Abraham Lincoln. This bold and progressive move by the President declared that "all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free" (The Library of Congress, 2014). While Lincoln now harbors the fame for ending slavery, his proclamation initially only ended slavery in those states that attempted to separate from the union. The proclamation authorized the recruitment of former slaves into the Union Armies and promoted the eventual creation of a Union without slavery. It was this strategic use of the legal system that allowed Lincoln to manipulate the Border States between the North and South while molding the characteristics of the Civil War. Still, after the war was ended the now freed slaves did not flourish with their new found and hard fought freedoms. The ideal that former slaves were successful after the war is very far from realistic. Many freed slaves faced the new world without necessities such as shoes or clothing to protect them from the environment. During the winters, many freed slaves were out of work and homeless causing them to freeze and starve to death. Being ‘kept’ by slave masters their entire lives, they did not possess any skills outside crop farming to aide them in survival. This lack of experience and materials only served to increase the hardships endured; yet nothing could prepare them for the inequalities they would continue to face. The first inequality they would have to endure was in the form of education. As slaves, it was illegal for them to read or write thus propelling them into ... ...nearly eliminated blacks from the American landscape. Luckily, over the last 151years America has continued to grow and heal from the ugliness that was slavery. In doing so, Americans cherish Lincoln who cemented our ideals that all citizens remain â€Å"†¦forever free" (The Library of Congress, 2014). References Oshinsky, D. M. (n.d.). The Washington Post. Retrieved from Worse Than Slavery: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/worsethanslavery.htm Schuessler, J. (2012, June 10). Books: Liberation as Death Sentence. Retrieved from New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/books/sick-from-freedom-by-jim-downs-about-freed-slaves.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 The Library of Congress. (2014, April 10). Retrieved from Primary Documents in AMerican History: Emancipation Proclamation: http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/EmanProc.html

Csr Activities of Hul

VIRAJ TAMHANE _____________________________________________________________________________________________ HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED Meeting Everyday Needs of People Everywhere _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is rooted in its Corporate Purpose – the belief that â€Å"to succeed requires the highest standards of corporate behavior towards our employees, consumers and the societies and world in which we live†.HUL's CSR philosophy is embedded in its commitment to all stakeholders — consumers, employees, the environment and the society that the organization operates in. HUL believes that it is this commitment which will deliver sustainable, profitable growth. HUL’s key CSR initiatives are undertaken with a long-term view. Initiatives that are sustainable have long-term benefits and an on going business purpose linked to them is accorded priority focus.As early as in the 1950s, HUL focused on import substitution when balance of payments was an issue. Since the 1980s, most of HUL’s investments have been in designated backward areas and zero-industry districts, spreading industrialization. HUL has revived sick industries and has developed local entrepreneurship Furthering this rich tradition of contributing to the community, HUL is focusing on health ; hygiene education, women empowerment, and water management.In addition to these important platforms, HUL is also involved in a number of community support activities, like providing audio-visual packages for basic education in primary schools, education and rehabilitation of special or underprivileged children, care for the destitute and HIV-positive, and rural development. In recognition of these initiatives, HUL received the prestigious TERI-CSR Special Award for the year 2002-03 from The Energy and Resources In stitute (TERI). As is well-known, TERI, which was established in 1974, is world famous for its commitment to and initiatives in every aspect of sustainable development.Among HUL's major CSR initiatives are: PROJECT SHAKTI – Changing Lives in Rural India Project Shakti is HUL's rural initiative, which targets small villages with population of less than 2000 people or less. It seeks to empower underprivileged rural women by providing income- generating opportunities. Project Shakti also aims to improve the standard of living of the rural community, by providing health and hygiene education. In general, rural women in India are underprivileged and need a sustainable source of income. NGOs, governmental bodies and other institutions have been working to improve the status of rural women.Project Shakti is a pioneering effort in creating livelihoods for rural women, organized in Self-Help Groups (SHGs), and improving living standards in rural India. Project Shakti provides critical ly needed additional income to these women and their families, by equipping and training them to become an extended arm of the company's operation. Started in 2001, Project Shakti has already been extended to about 20000 villages in 196 districts in 11 States – Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.The respective state governments and several NGOs are actively involved in the initiative. Project Shakti already has about 6200 women entrepreneurs in its fold. A typical Shakti entrepreneur earns a sustainable income of about Rs. 1, 000 per month, which is double their average household income. Project Shakti is thus creating opportunities for rural women to live in improved conditions and with dignity, while improving the overall standard of living in their families. In addition, it involves health and hygiene programmes, which help to improve the standard of living of the rural comm unity.The project's ambit already covers about 15 million rural populations. Plans are also being drawn up to bring in partners involved in agriculture, health, insurance and education to catalyze overall rural development. HUL's vision for Project Shakti is to scale it up across the country, covering 100,000 villages and touching the lives of 100 million rural consumers by 2005. LIFEBUOY SWASTHYA CHETANA – Health & Hygiene Education Lifebuoy Swasthya Chetana is the single largest rural health and hygiene educational programme ever undertaken in India.Its objective is to educate people about basic hygienic habits. It has been developed around the insight that people mistakenly believe â€Å"visible clean is safe clean†. The programme establishes the existence of â€Å"invisible germs† and the associated risk of infection. In India this is important, because diarrhea, caused by invisible germs, is the second largest cause of death among children below the age of 5. The project will help reduce incidence of such diseases, by raising awareness of preventive hygienic practices. The campaign has been divided into various phases.In the initial phase, a Health Development Facilitator (HDF) and an assistant initiates contact and interacts with students and influencers of the community, like village community representatives, medical practitioners, school teachers etc. A number of tools like a pictorial story in a flip chart format, a â€Å"Glo-germ demonstration†, and a quiz with attractive prizes to reinforce the message are used. The â€Å"Glo-Germ demonstration† is a unique tool to make unseen germs visible and emphasize the need to adopt hygienic practices. The first interaction with students is then replicated with the rest of the community.Subsequently, follow-up visits and communication are undertaken at periodic intervals which reinforce the message and learning’s. Started in 2002, the programme has as of now covered a bout 15000 villages in 8 states — Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra; it has already touched about 70 million people, imparting hygiene education to over 25 million children. The vision of this on-going project is to make a billion Indians feel safe and secure by focusing on their health and hygiene needs.FAIR & LOVELY FOUNDATION – Economic Empowerment of Women The Fair & Lovely Foundation is HUL’s initiative which aims at economic empowerment of women across India. It aims to achieve this through providing information, resources, inputs and support in the areas of education, career and enterprise. It specifically targets women from low- income groups in rural as well as urban India. Fair & Lovely, as a brand, stands on the economic renowned Indian women, from various walks of life, as its advisors. Among them are educationists, NGO activists, physicians.The Foundation is implementing its activities in association with state governments. In India, low-income families, albeit unwillingly, tend to discriminate against girl children, in providing opportunities for education and enterprise, because of resource constraints. The support provided by Fair & Lovely Foundation will help girl children avail opportunities of higher education and acquires skills in appropriate professions. Launched in 2003, Fair & Lovely Foundation seeks to impact the lives of women. This will be done through scholarships and enterprise initiatives.For career guidance, it seeks to touch millions of aspiring women and students in an ongoing programme, currently covering three states and all main metros in the country. GREENING BARRENS — Water Conservation and Harvesting HUL's Water Conservation and Harvesting project has two major objectives: a) to reduce water consumption in its own operations and regenerate sub-soil water tables at its own sites through the principles of 5R — reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and renew; b) help adjacent villages to implement appropriate models of watershed development.Water scarcity is one of the biggest crises facing India in terms of spread and severity. Water conservation and harvesting in HUL's own operations will help conserve and regenerate this scarce resource. An attendant benefit will be reduction in the consumption of energy that would have been spent in converting and using that water. The support to communities in developing watersheds will help in the economic development of areas adjacent to HUL sites. Water management is a focus area for all HUL factories. Water conservation has been made one of the key performance indicators of an HUL factory.Through a series of technology innovations and novel processing routes HUL has reduced its ground water consumption by over 50%. HUL has also applied technologies that recycle effluent water after treatment – 70% of HUL sites are now zero discharge sites. There are many other measures — Reverse Osmosis Plants and Solar Evaporation Ponds to name a few. A simultaneous benefit is saving in energy that otherwise would have been consumed in drawing, pumping or converting water into steam — HUL's energy consumption per unit of production has come down by 61% since 1996.Since 2003, all HUL sites have begun to harvest rain water. Rain water falling on factory premises is accumulated in ponds, thereby renewing sub-soil water tables. HUL is also committed to extending its efforts on water management to the larger community, and has engaged in community projects in water adjacent to manufacturing sites. The Khamgaon soap factory is located in a dry and arid region of Maharashtra and gets limited rainfall. Seven years back the factory started a pilot on ‘Watershed Management’ on a 5-hectare plot to prevent soil degradation and conserve water.The efforts have resulted in the creation of a green belt, which is the only visible green patch in the area. The 5-hectare green belt is now a veritable forest of about 6300 trees, including over 1400 ornamental plants and over 600 fruit- bearing plants. There has also been a remarkable improvement in the quality of soil, and significant conservation of water. This has been documented in a booklet, ‘Greening Barrens', so that industry, government bodies and communities adopt this widely.Encouraged by the results, HUL has extended the model to a neighboring village, Parkhed, in association with the TERI and the Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation. The community at Parkhed has already constructed 37 check dams. More than 20,000 saplings have been planted during the 2003 monsoon. For the first time, villagers were able to collect water and utilize it for irrigation post monsoon. The initiative received appreciation at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development.In association with an NGO, Vanrai, HUL's Silvassa manufacturing hub (in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli) too has embarked on a long-term project of water harvesting, which aims to dramatically change water availability, taking it up to year-round availability from 4 months at present. At Karchond village, near the Silvassa site, the community has built 18 bunds. Seven of them are on a river running through the village, and 11 smaller ones at different water run-off points. This has enabled the community to sow a second crop, thereby significantly increasing their incomes.Through an Integrated Village Development Programme, the project's ambit also includes alternate income-generating activities through SHGs, forestry management, education of children, nutrition. HUL's vision is to continuously innovate technologies to further reduce water consumption and further increase conservation in its operations. Simultaneously, HUL sites will progressively help communities, wherever required, to develop watersheds. HAPPY HOMES – Special Education & Rehabilitation Under the Happy Homes initiative, HUL supports special education and ehabilitation of children with challenge. ASHA DAAN The initiative began in 1976, when HUL supported Mother Teresa and the Missionaries of Charity to set up Asha Daan, a home in Mumbai for abandoned, challenged children, and the destitute. Subsequently, Asha Daan has also become a home to the HIV- positive. The objective in supporting Asha Daan was and continues to be to share the origination’s prosperity in supporting the Mother's mission of serving the â€Å"poorest of the poor†.Asha Daan has been set up on a 72,500-square feet plot belonging to HUL, in the heart of Mumbai city. HUL bears the capital and revenue expenses for maintenance, upkeep and security of the premises. The destitute and the HIV-positive are provided with food, shelter and medication for the last few days of their lives. The needs of the abandoned challenged children are also met through special classes of basic skills, physiotherapy and , if possible, corrective surgery. At any point of time, it takes care of over 300 infants, destitute men and women and HIV-positive patients.ANKUR In 1993, HUL's Doom Dooma Plantation Division set up Ankur, a center for special education of challenged children. The center takes care of children with challenges, aged between 5 and 15 years. Ankur provides educational, vocational and recreational activities to over 35 children with a range of challenges, including sight or hearing impairment, polio related disabilities, cerebral palsy and severe learning difficulties. These physically and mentally challenged children are taught skills, such as cookery, painting, embroidery, bamboo crafts, weaving, stitching, etc. epending on their aptitudes. The center has rehabilitated 10 children, including self-employment for 6 children by providing them with shops, and 3 girls have been provided employment as creche attendants. It has also moved to normal schools 18 children. Since inception it h as covered about 80 children. Ankur received the Lawrie Group World aware Award for Social Progress in 1999 from HRH Princess Royal in London. KAPPAGAM Encouraged by Ankur's success, Kappagam (â€Å"shelter†), the second center for special education of challenged children, was set up in 1998 on HUL Plantations in South India.It has 17 children. The focus of Kappagam is the same as that of Ankur. The center has 17 children, being taught self-help skills, useful vocational activities like making of paper covers, greeting cards, wrapping papers, fancy stationery, and napkins, brooms made out of coconut leaves, candles, and also some home care products. About 12 of the children have become relatively self-reliant by earning through crafts learnt at the center. Since inception, it has covered about 28 children. ANBAGAMYet another day care center, Anbagam (â€Å"shelter of love†), has been started in 2003 also in the South India Plantations. It takes care of 11 children. Bes ides medical care and meals, they too are being taught skills such that they can become self-reliant and elementary studies. Over 20,000 individuals have benefitted from the Happy Homes initiatives since inception. HUL is wholeheartedly involved with all four centers and will continue to be involved in the future. Among HUL's other significant CSR initiatives are: YASHODADHAMHUL has reconstructed a village in the Bhachau Taluka of Gujarat's Kachchh district. The village, which has been named Yashodadham, was dedicated to its 1100 residents in December 2002. The residents belong to Nani Chirai village, which was completely wrecked by the devastating earthquake of January 2001. Yashodadham, spread over 25 acres, comprises 289 homes. HUL has also provided a school building, an exclusive playground for children and a multi-purpose community center, including a creche, health center, and community room and village administration office.All the structures are earthquake and cyclone-resist ant. Space has been left all along the village for parks and public squares, where villagers subsequently will plant trees. Each house is of 400 sq. ft. built-up area, with running water and electricity, in a 1600 sq. ft. plot. As desired by the villagers, the design and foundation of houses and the plot size is such that they have the scope to build extra rooms in the future. HUL has constructed both an underground reservoir and an overhead tank for water.HUL, which had launched immediate relief after the quake in areas adjacent to its Kandla Exports factory, subsequently decided to reconstruct a village, which was completely wrecked. The objective was to help a completely wrecked village, because such settlements had the greatest need for help. Forty such villages were inspected, around Kandla factory, and Nani Chirai was chosen. VINDHYA VALLEY In 2002, the company took up a project in Madhya Pradesh, which will impact the entire state's rural population.The mainstay of Madhya Pra desh's economy is agriculture. Prosperity thus means increasing the income of farmers and small town and village entrepreneurs engaged in agro-processing and cottage industries. This is where HUL is contributing its expertise. It has helped the state government create ‘Vindhya Valley', an umbrella brand, and support software for its marketing, manufacturing and distribution. The state government has been substantially investing every year to finance small town and village entrepreneurs.But the lack of marketing skills and market access denied them the desired success and eventually resulted in most of these ventures becoming unsustainable. The launch of ‘Vindhya Valley', with support software from HUL, is helping overcome the impediment. It is a truly unique and sustainable form of livelihood generation. This has resulted as of now in the establishment of 20 small units, based in rural areas, providing direct engagement to about 1000 families involved in the production o f spices, honey, papad, pickles, agarbatti etc.The success of ‘Vindhya Valley has been recognized by various state governments. HUL has recently begun work with the Karnataka Government in similar projects to improve the income and quality of life of rural communities. An umbrella brand, ‘Stree Shakti', is being created for Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The initiative will generate higher sales and higher returns for the SHGs. In its business operations and in its principles and practices, Hindustan Lever thus straddles the Indian corporate world, single-mindedly identifying itself with Indian aspirations and needs in every walk of life.

The Facts and History of Cinco de Mayo

Cinco de Mayo is probably one of the most celebrated and least understood holidays in the world.  What is the meaning behind it? How is it celebrated and what does it mean to Mexicans? There are many misconceptions about Cinco de Mayo and it is more than an excuse to have some nachos and a margarita or two. Its also not a celebration of Mexicos independence as many people think. It is an important day in Mexican history and the holiday has true meaning and importance. Lets get the facts straight about Cinco de Mayo. Cinco de Mayo Meaning and History Literally meaning The Fifth of May, Cinco de Mayo is a Mexican Holiday celebrating the Battle of Puebla, which took place on May 5, 1862. It was one of the few Mexican victories during Frances attempt to penetrate Mexico. Contrary to popular belief, this was not the first time that France attacked Mexico.  Back in 1838 and 1839, Mexico and France had fought what was known as  the Pastry War.  During that conflict, France invaded and occupied the city of Veracruz.   In 1861, France sent a massive army to invade Mexico once again. As was the case 20 years earlier, the intent was to collect on debts incurred during and after Mexicos war of independence from Spain. The French army was much larger and better trained and equipped than the Mexicans struggling to defend the road to Mexico City. It rolled through Mexico until it reached Puebla, where the Mexicans made a valiant stand. Against all logic, they won a huge victory. The triumph was short-lived, however. The French army regrouped and continued on, eventually taking Mexico City.   In 1864, the French brought in  Maximilian of Austria. The man who would become Emperor of Mexico was a young European nobleman who barely spoke Spanish. Maximilians heart was in the right place, but most Mexicans did not want him. In 1867, he was overthrown and executed by forces loyal to President Benito Juarez. Despite this turn of events, the euphoria of the unlikely victory at the Battle of Puebla against overwhelming odds is remembered every May 5th. Cinco de Mayo Led to a Dictator During the Battle of Puebla, a young officer named  Porfirio Diaz  distinguished himself. Diaz subsequently rose rapidly through the military ranks as an officer and then as a politician. He even aiding Juarez in the fight against Maximillian. In 1876, Diaz reached the presidency and did not leave until the  Mexican Revolution  kicked him out in 1911 after a  rule of 35 years.  Diaz remains one of the most important presidents in the history of Mexico, and he got his start on the original  Cinco de Mayo.   Isn’t It Mexico’s Independence Day?   Another common misconception is that Cinco de Mayo is Mexicos Independence Day. In actuality, Mexico celebrates its independence from Spain on September 16. It  is a very important holiday in the country and not to be confused with Cinco de Mayo. It was on September 16, 1810, that  Father Miguel Hidalgo took to his pulpit in the village church of the town of Dolores. He  invited his flock to take up arms and join him in overthrowing Spanish tyranny. This famous speech would be celebrated as the  Grito de Dolores, or The Cry of Dolores, from then on. How Big of  a Deal Is Cinco de Mayo? Cinco de Mayo is a big deal in Puebla, where the famous battle took place. However, it really isnt as important as most people think. Independence Day on September 16 has much more significance in Mexico. For some reason, Cinco de Mayo is celebrated more in the United States  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  by Mexicans and Americans alike  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  than it is in Mexico. There is one theory for why this is true. At one time, Cinco de Mayo was widely celebrated in all of Mexico and by Mexicans living in former Mexican territories, such as Texas and California. After a while, it was ignored in Mexico but the celebrations continued north of the border where people never got out of the habit of remembering the famous battle. Its interesting to note that the largest Cinco de Mayo party takes place in Los Angeles, California.  Every year, the people of Los Angeles celebrate â€Å"Festival de Fiesta Broadway† on May 5th (or on the closest Sunday). It’s a large, raucous party with parades, food, dancing, music, and more. Hundreds of thousands attend annually.  It’s even bigger than the festivities in Puebla. Cinco de Mayo Celebration In Puebla and in many U.S. cities with large Mexican populations, there are parades, dancing, and festivals. Traditional Mexican food is served or sold. Mariachi bands fill town squares and a lot of Dos Equis and Corona beers are served. It’s a fun holiday, really more about celebrating the Mexican way of life than about remembering a battle which happened over 150 years ago. It is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"Mexican St. Patrick’s Day.† In the U.S., schoolchildren do units on the holiday, decorate their classrooms, and try their hand at cooking some basic Mexican foods. All over the world, Mexican restaurants bring in Mariachi bands and offer specials for what’s almost certain to be a packed house.​ It’s easy to host a Cinco de Mayo party. Making basic Mexican food like salsa and burritos is not too complicated. Add some decorations and mix up a few margaritas and you’re good to go.